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	1. 32044 Accesses	Review Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil Filipe Dantas-Torres Parasites & Vectors 2008, 1:25 (8 August 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A review on several aspects (etiology, transmission, distribution, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, control, prevention, and public health significance) of canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil and which discusses research gaps to be addressed in future studies. Image: A dog displaying a typical clinical picture of visceral leishmaniasis
	2. 19610 Accesses	Review The history of African trypanosomiasis Dietmar Steverding Parasites & Vectors 2008, 1:3 (12 February 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary This review article summarises the history of African trypanosomiasis from prehistory to current developments. From this history we learn which factors determine, and which measures control, the emergence and the spread of the disease. Image: Sir David Bruce (1855-1931).
	3. 15373 Accesses	Review History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors Francis EG Cox Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:5 (1 February 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary The story of the history of the malaria parasites and their mosquito vectors is traced from the first discovery of the parasites in 1880 to the present time. Image: Ronald Ross who discovered that malaria parasites were transmitted by mosquitoes.
	4. 10131 Accesses	Review Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye Domenico Otranto, Mark L Eberhard Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:41 (23 March 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Zoonotic helminths that affect human eyes may cause blindness with severe socio-economic consequences to human communities. Their biology and epidemiology are discussed as well as clinical descriptions of the diseases, and video clips on their presentation. Image: Coenurus cyst with multiple protoscoleces behind displaced retina. (modified from Orihel and Ash, ASCP Press, 1995).
	5. 9687 Accesses	Review Oh my aching gut: irritable bowel syndrome, Blastocystis, and asymptomatic infection Kenneth F Boorom, Huw Smith, Laila Nimri, Eric Viscogliosi, Gregory Spanakos, Unaiza Parkar, Lan-Hua Li, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Ülgen Z Ok, Saovanee Leelayoova, Morris S Jones Parasites & Vectors 2008, 1:40 (21 October 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Improvements in clinical laboratory techniques have produced a series of studies that suggest we know very little about Blastocystis, and much of what we know may be wrong. A better understanding of this single-celled enteric protist may help explain geographic and temporal variations in chronic gastrointestinal illness of unknown etiology. Image:Graph of Blastocystis detection rates in clinical samples from Western US and Canada, 1985-2007
	6. 8496 Accesses	Review Developing novel anthelmintics from plant cysteine proteinases Jerzy M Behnke, David J Buttle, Gillian Stepek, Ann Lowe, Ian R Duce Parasites & Vectors 2008, 1:29 (1 September 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Anthelmintic resistance in GI helminths represents a significant future threat to animal and human health and agricultural productivity. This review considers the potential of plant cysteine proteinases as novel anthelmintics and discusses the problems in realising this potential. Image:Male H.bakeri damaged by papain. The arrow shows a rupture in the cuticle with the viscera protruding.
	7. 7948 Accesses	Review The control of hookworm infection in China Qi Zheng, Ying Chen, Hao-Bing Zhang, Jia-Xu Chen, Xiao-Nong Zhou Parasites & Vectors 2009, 2:44 (24 September 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Hookworm is still one of the three main soil-transmitted helminths endemic in China. This article reviews the challenges and needs of continuing to strengthen the current strategy to control hookworm infections in China, by implementation of a three-pronged approach, i.e. distributing anthelmintic drugs in schools and undertaking large-scale hookworm deworming, improving water supplies and sanitation and proper health education. Image: Children barefoot, the main way that infection with hookworm is acquired in daily life.
	8. 7436 Accesses	Research Plasmodium knowlesi in humans, macaques and mosquitoes in peninsular Malaysia Indra Vythilingam, Yusuf M NoorAzian, Tan Huat, Adela Jiram, Yusof M Yusri, Abdul H Azahari, Ismail NorParina, Abdullah NoorRain, Sulaiman LokmanHakim Parasites & Vectors 2008, 1:26 (19 August 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary This study reports on the distribution of Plasmodium knowlesi in humans from peninsular Malaysia with special reference to its host – the long-tailed macaques and the vector Anopheles cracens. Image: Plasmodium knowlesi from a patient showing all the different stages.
	9. 7380 Accesses	Review Canine and feline cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes in Europe: emerging and underestimated Donato Traversa, Angela Di Cesare, Gary Conboy Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:62 (23 July 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Cardiopulmonary nematodes of dogs and cats cause parasitic diseases of central relevance in current veterinary practice. In the recent past the distribution of canine and feline heartworms and lungworms has increased in various geographical areas, including Europe. Knowledge of the most important heartworm and lungworm infections of dogs and cats in Europe is reviewed with a focus on recent advances in epidemiology, clinical aspects and control. Image: Eggs of Trichuris vulpis (left) and Eucoleus aerophilus (right)
	10. 7245 Accesses	Research Gene-knockdown in the honey bee mite Varroa destructor by a non-invasive approach: studies on a glutathione S-transferase Ewan M Campbell, Giles E Budge, Alan S Bowman Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:73 (16 August 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Varroa is the major cause for worldwide decline in honey bee populations. Using a glutathione S-transferase as the target, we describe gene knockdown by a non-invasive approach in V. destructor that was essentially complete and evident at both transcript and protein level.Image: Varroa mite on head of adult honey bee emerging from brood cell.
	11. 7174 Accesses	Review Trypanosomiasis vector control in Africa and Latin America Chris J Schofield, John P Kabayo Parasites & Vectors 2008, 1:24 (1 August 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A mini-review of progress in the control of African and American trypanosomiasis points to the importance of biologically relevant targets, adequate and sustained political commitment, and the relevance of research support. Image: the logo of the African Union PATTEC initiative against tsetse and trypanosomiasis.
	12. 7118 Accesses	Review Trichinella spiralis: nurse cell formation with emphasis on analogy to muscle cell repair Zhiliang Wu, Lj Sofronic-Milosavljevic, Isao Nagano, Yuzo Takahashi Parasites & Vectors 2008, 1:27 (19 August 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Some events that occur during nurse cell formation in Trichinella spiralis infections are analogous to those occurring during muscle cell regeneration/repair. This article reviews capsule formation with emphasis on this analogy. Image: Section of muscle infected with Trichinella spiralis. The capsule contains the parasite and the nurse cell with eosinophilic and basophilic cytoplasm.
	13. 7025 Accesses	Review Emergence of zoonotic arboviruses by animal trade and migration Martin Pfeffer, Gerhard Dobler Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:35 (8 April 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Vector-mediated animal-to-human transmission of zoonotic arboviruses is the common mode of human infection. The emergence of these pathogens into new geographic areas is associated with many factors, most importantly human activity. Here, we review the role of animals in the global spread of certain mosquito- and tick-borne arboviruses. Image: Global threat of zoonotic arboviruses
	14. 6826 Accesses	Review Canine babesiosis: from molecular taxonomy to control Peter J Irwin Parasites & Vectors 2009, 2(Suppl 1):S4 (26 March 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	15. 6741 Accesses	Research Description of an early Cretaceous termite (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) and its associated intestinal protozoa, with comments on their co-evolution George O Poinar Parasites & Vectors 2009, 2:12 (18 February 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper describes a number of symbiotic protozoa from the gut of an Early Cretaceous termite in Burmese amber and discusses their co-evolution. Image: A symbiotic protist from the gut of an Early Cretaceous termite.
	16. 6319 Accesses	Research Loop-mediated isothermal amplification applied to filarial parasites detection in the mosquito vectors: Dirofilaria immitis as a study model Hiroka Aonuma, Aya Yoshimura, Namal Perera, Naoaki Shinzawa, Hironori Bando, Sugao Oshiro, Bryce Nelson, Shinya Fukumoto, Hirotaka Kanuka Parasites & Vectors 2009, 2:15 (15 March 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A novel method for surveillance of filarial parasites-transmitting mosquitoes using LAMP was developed. The method demonstrated accurate identification of infected mosquitoes among intact ones with a laboratory model and also with wild-caught mosquitoes. Image: Filarial parasites in mosquito.
	17. 6176 Accesses	Research The phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Asia Liang Liu, Mohammed MH Mondal, Mohamed A Idris, Hakim S Lokman, PRV Jayanthe Rajapakse, Fadjar Satrija, Jose L Diaz, E Suchart Upatham, Stephen W Attwood Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:57 (5 July 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Partial cox1 and rrnL mitochondrial gene sequences indicated a late Pliocene radiation of Indoplanorbis exustus out of India into Southeast Asia, and that Southeast Asian and Sundaic populations may be a species distinct from Indian I. exustus. Indoplanorbis is an important snail intermediate host of species of Schistosoma infecting cattle and is involved in cercarial dermatitis in humans. Image: Indoplanorbis exustus from Thailand.
	18. 5966 Accesses	Review Trypanosoma rangeli: a new perspective for studying the modulation of immune reactions of Rhodnius prolixus Eloi S Garcia, Daniele P Castro, Marcela B Figueiredo, Fernando A Genta, Patrícia Azambuja Parasites & Vectors 2009, 2:33 (17 July 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This review briefly addresses the general immune system of insects and discusses recent investigations on the immunedepression of Rhodnius prolixus (Triatominae, Reduviidae) caused by Trypanosoma rangeli infection. A fine regulation of insect immune reactions by the parasite reinforces its use for studying the relationship between insect and parasite. Image: Adult R. prolixus initiating blood feeding (author: Gutemberg Brito).
	19. 5757 Accesses	Meeting report Spatial epidemiology in zoonotic parasitic diseases: insights gained at the 1^stInternational Symposium on Geospatial Health in Lijiang, China, 2007 Xiao-Nong Zhou, Shan Lv, Guo-Jing Yang, Thomas K Kristensen, N Robert Bergquist, Jürg Utzinger, John B Malone Parasites & Vectors 2009, 2:10 (4 February 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary To explore the contributions of natural eco-systems and relevant environmental factors to the transmission of zoonotic parasitic diseases, the novel approaches of spatial epidemiology, e.g. GIS, GPS, RS and spatial analysis, has been applied to a wide field of parasites and vectors. They could provide the basis to predict the epidemic patterns and design control strategies for those diseases. This report summarizes a meeting held in Lijiang, Yunnan province, People's Republic of China in September, 2007, to emphasize the advances made and to show the priorities of research in this area. Image: A fish pond, a typical environment for transmission of water-borne parasitic diseases, in the region of Southeast Asia.
	20. 5584 Accesses	Research Prevention of infectious tick-borne diseases in humans: Comparative studies of the repellency of different dodecanoic acid-formulations against Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Ulrich Schwantes, Hans Dautel, Gerd Jung Parasites & Vectors 2008, 1:8 (8 April 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Tick-repelling efficacy of different topical formulations was compared by laboratory screening and in humans. By reducing the human-vector contact, repellents minimise the risk of acquiring tick-borne infections. Image: Nymphal tick climbing from the tip of a glass rod to the attractant.
	21. 5579 Accesses	Research Vectors and transmission dynamics for Setaria tundra (Filarioidea; Onchocercidae), a parasite of reindeer in Finland Sauli Laaksonen, Milla Solismaa, Raine Kortet, Jussi Kuusela, Antti Oksanen Parasites & Vectors 2009, 2:3 (6 January 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Aedes spp. mosquitoes likely serve as the most important vectors for Setaria tundra in Finland. Warm summers apparently promote the development and transmission of S. tundra and, finally, the genesis of disease outbreaks. Image: The filarioid nematode, Setaria tundra, caused a serious disease outbreak in the Finnish reindeer population in 2003-05.
	22. 5496 Accesses	Research Development of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana formulations for control of malaria mosquito larvae Tullu Bukhari, Willem Takken, Constantianus JM Koenraadt Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:23 (22 February 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Formulation is an important step for the operational use of biological control agents against malaria mosquito larvae. This study reports development and testing of formulations for two entomopathogenic fungi in laboratory and field conditions. Image: Anopheles gambiae larvae infected with Metarhizium anisopliae.
	23. 5218 Accesses	Review The development of drugs for treatment of sleeping sickness: a historical review Dietmar Steverding Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:15 (10 March 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This review article outlines the development of anti-sleeping sickness drugs from the discovery of the first bioactive lead compounds to the identification of more modern chemotherapeutic agents. Image: Paul Ehrlich, pioneer in the development of drugs against trypanosomes.
	24. 5125 Accesses	Short report Efficacy of Amitraz plus Metaflumizone for the treatment of canine demodicosis associated with Malassezia pachydermatis Viviana D Tarallo, Riccardo P Lia, Mariateresa Sasanelli, Claudia Cafarchia, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2009, 2:13 (5 March 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper describes the efficacy of Amitraz plus Metaflumizone against generalized demodectic mange and opportunistic infections of Malassezia pachydermatis. Image:Severe skin lesions caused by Demodex canis.
	25. 5060 Accesses	Review Biology and ecology of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus Filipe Dantas-Torres Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:26 (8 April 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The biology and ecology of the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) is reviewed and the possible impact of global climate changes on this cosmopolitan tick vector is discussed. Image: Rhipicephalus sanguineus nymphal stage (artwork by author).