Table 2

Repellent effects of ContraZeck® and Zanzarin® against I. ricinus nymphs over time (MO-bioassay)

Test formulation
Crawling to the tip of the glass rod
Attaching the filter paper on the drum
Dropping off the attachment site
Repellency [%]

n
%
n
%
n
%
Significance


Blank test
30
100
28
93.3
0
0


DDA-based form. Batch 040088 – 1 h
30
100
23
75.7
23
100
p < 0.001* p > 0.05**
100
Batch 040088 – 4 h
30
100
25
83.3
25
100
p < 0.001* p < 0.05**
100
Batch 040088 – 8 h
30
100
23
75.7
23
100
p < 0.001* p > 0.05**
100
Reference# – 1 h
28
93.3
23
82.1
22
95.7
p < 0.001*
96.5
Reference# – 4 h
30
100
29
96.7
24
82.8
p < 0.001*
82.1
Reference# – 8 h
30
100
25
83.3
21
84.0
p < 0.001*
85.7

The quantity of the DDA-based formulation (ContraZeck®) applied per test was about 1 mg/cm2, corresponding to approximately 0.1 mg DDA/cm2. # The reference product Zanzarin® (Bio-Hautschutz Lotion) was applied per test in a concentration of 1.05 mg/cm2.

Significance: *in relation to blank test, **in relation to Zanzarin®. Differences in repellency between both products are significant only 4 hours after application.

Schwantes et al. Parasites & Vectors 2008 1:8   doi:10.1186/1756-3305-1-8