Table 1

Repellent effects of different DDA-based lotion-formulations against I. ricinus nymphs (MO-bioassay)
Project
 Crawling to the tip of the glass rod
 Attaching the filter paper on the drum
 Dropping off the attachment site
 Repellency [%]

n
 %
 n
 %
 n
 %
 Significance*
Trial 1







     Blank test
 29
 96.7
 27
 93.1
 0
 0

     10% DDS
 30
 100
 28
 93.3
 25
 89.3
 p < 0.001
 88.90
     Batch 030138
 30
 100
 23
 76.7
 22
 95.7
 p < 0.001
 96.30
     Batch 030142
 29
 96.7
 20
 69.0
 15
 75.0
 p < 0.001
 81.40
Trial 2







     Blank test
 29/30
 96.7
 24/27
 82.8/90.0
 0/1
 0/3.7

     10% DDS
 30
 100
 24
 80.0
 21
 87.5
 p < 0.001
 88.5
     Batch 030174
 30
 100
 20
 66.7
 17
 85.0
 p < 0.001
 87.5
     Batch 030175
 29/29
 96.7/96.7
 21/20
 72.4/69.0
 19/17
 90.5/85.0
 p < 0.001
 91.63/88.5
     Batch 030176
 28
 93.3
 22
 78.6
 20
 90.9
 p < 0.001
 91.63
Trial 3







     Blank test
 30
 100
 28
 93.3
 0
 0

     10% DDS
 30
 100
 24
 80.0
 19
 79.2
 p < 0.001
 82.10
     Batch 040088
 30
 100
 23
 76.7
 19
 82.6
 p < 0.001
 85.74
Trial 4







     Blank test
 30
 100
 29
 96.7
 0
 0

     Batch 040108
 30
 100
 21
 70.0
 21
 100
 p < 0.001
 100
     Batch 050030
 30
 100
 24
 80.0
 24
 100
 p < 0.001
 100

The quantity of repellent applied per test was about 1 mg/cm2, corresponding to approximately 0.1 mg DDA/cm2. Batch No. 050030 is identical to the final product ContraZeck® in terms of the qualitative and quantitative ingredients and fragrances. Batch No. 040088 and Batch No. 040108 are identical in terms of the qualitative and quantitative ingredients and fragrances. *Significance in relation to blank test

Schwantes et al. Parasites & Vectors 2008 1:8   doi:10.1186/1756-3305-1-8