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		Research Validation of the Rapid Assessment Procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA) in the Democratic Republic of Congo Samuel Wanji, Dowo O Akotshi, Maurice N Mutro, Tepage Floribert, Tony O Ukety, Peter J Diggle, Jan H Remme Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:25 (2 February 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| Editor’s summary This study was designed to validate RAPLOA in two regions in the North East and South West of the Democratic Republic of Congo. In each selected community, 80 people above the age of 15 years were interviewed for a history of eye and parasitologically examined for the presence and intensity of L. loa infection. The results confirmed the findings of the original RAPLOA study and the methodology is recommended for the assessment of loiasis endemicity in areas targeted for ivermectin treatment by lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis control programmes. Image: RAPLOA Interview; Field surveyor showing the picture of L. loa in the eye to a participant
		Research Halophilanema prolata n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Allantonematidae), a parasite of the intertidal bug, Saldula laticollis (Reuter)(Hemiptera: Saldidae) on the Oregon coast George O Poinar Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:24 (1 February 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| Editor’s summary Halophilanema prolata (Nematoda: Allantonematidae) is described from the intertidal bug, Saldula laticollis on the Oregon coast. Infection rates ranged from 0 % to 85% depending on the microhabitat in the intertidal zone. Image: Parasitic female and juvenile stages of Halophilanema prolata removed from the hemocoel of the intertidal bug, Saldula laticollis on the Oregon coast.
		Editorial The 'Neglected Tropical Diseases': now a brand identity; responsibilities, context and promise. David H Molyneux Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:23 (30 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed
		Research Prevalence and risk factors for Giardia duodenalis infection among children: A case study in Portugal Claudia Julio, Anabela Vilares, Monica Oleastro, Idalina Ferreira, Salome Gomes, Lurdes Monteiro, Baltazar Nunes, Rogerio Tenreiro, Helena Angelo Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:22 (27 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We investigated the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis infection and identified possible associated risk factors in a healthy paediatric population from Portugal. We highlight the high prevalence of G.duodenalis in these children, as well as the parents¿ education level as the main risk factor. Of interest, we also found an association between G. duodenalis and Helicobacter pylori infections. Image: Giardia duodenalis cysts stained by FICT.
		Research Low and seasonal malaria transmission in the middle Senegal River basin: identification and characteristics of Anopheles vectors. Mamadou O Ndiath, Jean-Biram Sarr, Lobna Gaayeb, Catherine Mazenot, Seynabou Sougoufara, Lassana Konate, Franck Remoue, Emmanuel Hermann, Jean-Francois Trape, Gilles Riveau, Cheikh Sokhna Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:21 (23 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study, conducted in the Middle Senegal River basin demonstrates that, although various malaria vectors are present all the year round in this region, malaria transmission remains low and limited to the short rainy season. Image: Senegal River in Guede village.
		Short report The transmission of Leishmania infantum chagasi by the bite of the Lutzomyia longipalpis to two different vertebrates Nagila F C Secundino, Vanessa C DE Freitas, Carolina C Monteiro, Ana Clara A M Pires, Bruna A David, Paula F P Pimenta Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:20 (19 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We established a transmission model of Leishmania infantum chagasi by the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis. The parasites were successfully transmitted to mice and hamsters indicating that both animals are good experimental models.Image: An infected sandfly biting a mouse ear (transmission experiment). Inset: The mouse ear after bite (red dot).
		Research First report on the occurrence of Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia raoultii in Dermacentor silvarum in China Zhan CHENG Tian, Guang YUAN Liu, Hui Shen, Jun REN Xie, Jin Luo, Mei YUAN Tian Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:19 (19 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study reported the occurrence of R. raoultii and R. slovaca in XUAR, China and suggests that D. silvarum could be involved in the transmission of rickettsial agents in China. Image: An stereomicroscope view of a Dermacentor silvarum adult female.
		Review Taeniasis and cysticercosis due to Taenia solium in Japan Tetsuya Yanagida, Yasuhito Sako, Minoru Nakao, Kazuhiro Nakaya, Akira Ito Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:18 (17 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper provides an overview of the status of T. solium infection in Japan over the past 35 years and point out the potential risks to Japanese society. Image: Egg of Taenia solium in feces.
		Research Ecological factors related to the widespread distribution of sylvatic Rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations in southern Ecuador Mario J Grijalva, Victoria Suarez-Davalos, Anita G Villacis, Sofia Ocana-Mayorga, Olivier Dangles Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:17 (13 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Searches conducted in 23 localities in southern Ecuador show an abundance of sylvatic triatomines associated with squirrel, bird and rat nests, which may jeopardize the effectiveness of Chagas disease control campaigns. Image: Nests of the squirrel Sciurus stramineus are frequently infested with R. ecuadoriensis.
		Research Efficient in vitro RNA interference and immunofluorescence-based phenotype analysis in a human parasitic nematode, Brugia malayi Frederic Landmann, Jeremy M Foster, Barton E Slatko, William Sullivan Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:16 (13 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This manuscript demonstrates the efficient use of heterogeneous short interfering RNA mixes for performing RNAi in the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi and immunofluorescence-based analysis of cellular phenotypes. Image: Defective 2 cell embryo of Brugia malayi following RNAi targeting the polarity-determining gene, par-1.
		Research SYBR Green-based Real-Time PCR targeting kinetoplast DNA can be used to discriminate between the main etiologic agents of Brazilian cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases Daniela Pita-Pereira, Rachel Lins, Marcia P Oliveira, Rosimar B Lima, Bernardo AS Pereira, Otacilio C Moreira, Reginaldo P Brazil, Constanca Britto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:15 (12 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary SYBR Green-based real-time PCR targeting kDNA minicircles can differentiate between Leishmania subgenera through the amplicons dissociation kinetic. This methodology was further validated with human clinical specimens and field sandflies from Brazil. Image: Characteristic SYBR Green dissociation curve profiles of kDNA conserved regions amplicons from both Leishmania subgenera.
		Research Molecular detection of Setaria tundra (Nematoda: Filarioidea) and an unidentified filarial species in mosquitoes in Germany Christina Czajka, Norbert Becker, Sven Poppert, Hanna Jost, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Andreas Krueger Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:14 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We show for the first time that the cervid filaria Setaria tundra is widespread in southern Germany and transmitted by various mosquito species, except Culex spp. In contrast, a second, yet unidentified filarial species, was exclusively found in Culex spp. in Baden-Wurttemberg, and is likely to be a bird parasite. We found no zoonotic filariae. Image: A female house mosquito, Culex pipiens s.l., seeking an overwintering shelter in September 2011.
		Research High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a subset of Mexican patients with work accidents and low socioeconomic status Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Alejandro Torres-Castorena, Oliver Liesenfeld, Sergio Estrada-Martinez, Jesus D Urbina-Alvarez Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:13 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This case control seroprevalence study shows for the first time a link between seropositivity to Toxoplasma and recent work accidents in a subset of Mexican workers with low socioeconomic status. Image: Work accidents and Toxoplasma infection.
		Research Retarded Onchocerca volvulus L1 to L3 larval development in the Simulium damnosum vector after anti-wolbachial treatment of the human host Anna Albers, Mathias ENYONG Esum, Nicholas Tendongfor, Peter Enyong, Ute Klarmann, Samuel Wanji, Achim Hoerauf, Kenneth Pfarr Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:12 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Depleting Wolbachia essential endosymbionts from Onchocerca volvulus led to fewer third-stage larvae developing in the Simulium blackfly vector required for development and disease transmission. Image: Fewer third-stage larvae (light gray bars) are recovered from blackflies that have fed on Onchocerca volvulus infected volunteers.
		Research A dysflagellar mutant of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis isolated from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient Rogéria C Zauli, Jenicer KU Yokoyama-Yasunaka, Danilo C Miguel, Alexandre S Moura, Ledice IA Pereira, Ildefonso A da Silva, Lucianna GN Lemes, Miriam L Dorta, Milton AP de Oliveira, André N Pitaluga, Edna AY Ishikawa, Juliany CF Rodrigues, Yara M Traub-Cseko, A Bijovsky, Fátima Ribeiro-Dias, Silvia RB Uliana Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:11 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We describe a morphologically atypical Leishmania isolate, obtained from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient in Brazil. In axenic cultures, atypical promastigotes grow as round cells with very short or absent flagella. We show that, in spite of the defective flagella, they can infect macrophages and are able to establish infections in mice and sand flies. Image: Atypical promastigote of a L. (V.) braziliensis isolate.
		Research Lymphatic filariasis mapping by Immunochromatographic Test cards and baseline microfilaria survey prior to mass drug administration in Sierra Leone Joseph B Koroma, Momodu M Bangura, Mary H Hodges, Mohamed S Bah, Yaobi Zhang, Moses J Bockarie Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:10 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Sierra Leone is endemic with lymphatic filariasis. To facilitate the planning of the national elimination program, national prevalence mapping and baseline surveys were conducted, showing every district was qualified for mass drug administration. Image: A 23 year-old mother of 3 with elephantiasis in Bombali District.
		Research Anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effects of the hepatoprotective silymarin and the schistosomicide praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis Naglaa M El-Lakkany, Olfat A Hamam, Walaa H El-Madawy, Afkar A Badawy, Afaf A Ain-Shoka, Fatma A Ebeid Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:9 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study points to silymarin as a promising anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent and it could be introduced as a therapeutic tool with praziquantel in the treatment of schistosomal liver fibrosis. Image: Immunostain for TGF-β1 antibody in livers of mice treated with PZQ plus silymarin showing weakly and scattered positively stained hepatocytes and granuloma cells compared to infected untreated control.
		Research Changes in the geographical distribution and abundance of the tick Ixodes ricinus during the past 30 years in Sweden Thomas GT Jaenson, David GE Jaenson, Lars Eisen, Erik Petersson, Elisabet Lindgren Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:8 (10 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In Sweden, the tick (Ixodes ricinus) population has drastically expanded during the last 30 years, presumably in response mainly to the milder climate and a large roe deer population. Indirectly, this has resulted in increasing incidences of tick-borne human diseases. Image: The different active stages of the common European tick Ixodes ricinus.
		Research The use of a Psoroptes ovis serodiagnostic test for the analysis of a natural outbreak of sheep scab Stewart TG Burgess, Giles Innocent, Francesca Nunn, David Frew, Fiona Kenyon, Alasdair J Nisbet, John F Huntley Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:7 (10 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We utilised a sheep scab specific serodiagnostic assay to analyse a natural infestation within an experimental flock. The study demonstrated the assays ability to successfully diagnose sheep scab whilst also detecting sub-clinical disease. Image: Location of the natural outbreak of sheep scab within an experimental flock.
		Review Biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Khan Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:6 (10 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We describe the current understanding of Acanthamoeba biology, its ability to produce disease and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The use of Acanthamoeba as a model organism to study cellular processes and its role as a Trojan horse of the microbial world is highlighted. Image: Acanthamoeba trophozoite exhibiting phagocytic cups, known as amoebastomes.
		Research Stray dogs as indicators of Toxoplasma gondii distributed in the environment: the first report across an urban-rural gradient in China Chao Yan, Lin-Lin Fu, Cai-Ling Yue, Ren-Xian Tang, Yi-Sheng Liu, Liang Lv, Na Shi, Ping Zeng, Peng Zhang, Dong-Hui Wang, Dong-Hui Zhou, Xing-Quan Zhu, Kui-Yang Zheng Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:5 (5 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study shows Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalences of 38.7% in urban dogs and 41% in rural dogs (P>0.05), respectively, indicating that there might be a wide distribution and a constant infection pressure of T. gondii across an urban-rural gradient in China. Image: Dogs are important reservoirs and sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii in the environment.
		Research Real-time PCR of the mammalian hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene for analysis of flea (Ctenocephalides felis) feeding patterns on dogs Chengming Wang, Jane Mount, Jamie Butler, Dongya Gao, Euisun Jung, Byron L Blagburn, Bernhard Kaltenboeck Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:4 (4 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A highly specific FRET-probe PCR quantifies blood meals by fleas by detecting as little as 43 picoliters of canine blood through amplification of the mammalian hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene in canine leukocytes. Image:The FRET PCR robustly discriminates between fleas containing even single canine leukocytes and negative fleas that did not ingest canine blood.
		Research Quantitative PCR-based genome size estimation of the astigmatid mites Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes ovis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Kate E Mounsey, Charlene Willis, Stewart TG Burgess, Deborah C Holt, James McCarthy, Katja Fischer Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:3 (4 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary qPCR based genome estimations and determination of chromosome numbers in metaphase-arrested cells provide a first insight into the genetic organisation of astigmatid scabies mites, sheep scab mites and house dust mites. Image: Female Sarcoptes scabiei mite isolated from skin biopsies viewed through a Zeiss inverted light microscope. Photo credit: Katja Fischer.
		Short report Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): Early detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice Qing- MING Kong, Shao- HONG Lu, Qun- BO Tong, Di Lou, Rui Chen, Bin Zheng, Kumagai Takashi, Li- YONG Wen, Ohta Nobuo, Xiao- NONG Zhou Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:2 (3 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We established a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting the 529 bp repeat element (529 bp-LAMP) to detect Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the blood samples of experimental mice infected with tachyzoites of the RH strain. Due to its simplicity, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness for common use, we suggest that this assay should be used as an early diagnostic tool for health control of toxoplasmosis. Image: Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites cultured in HeLa cell monolayer.
		Research On a Cercopithifilaria sp. transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus: a neglected, but widespread filarioid of dogs Domenico Otranto, Emanuele Brianti, Maria Latrofa, Giada Annoscia, Stefania Weigl, Riccardo Lia, Gabriella Gaglio, Ettore Napoli, Salvatore Giannetto, Elias Papadopoulos, Guadalupe Mirò, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Odile Bain Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:1 (3 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study demonstrated that, in addition to the most common species of filarioids infesting dogs, a recently discovered Cercopithifilaria sp. with dermal microfilariae should be considered in tick-exposed animals. Image: An immunofluorescence view of a Rhipicephalus sanguineus nymph.

	All
		Research Validation of the Rapid Assessment Procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA) in the Democratic Republic of Congo Samuel Wanji, Dowo O Akotshi, Maurice N Mutro, Tepage Floribert, Tony O Ukety, Peter J Diggle, Jan H Remme Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:25 (2 February 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| Editor’s summary This study was designed to validate RAPLOA in two regions in the North East and South West of the Democratic Republic of Congo. In each selected community, 80 people above the age of 15 years were interviewed for a history of eye and parasitologically examined for the presence and intensity of L. loa infection. The results confirmed the findings of the original RAPLOA study and the methodology is recommended for the assessment of loiasis endemicity in areas targeted for ivermectin treatment by lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis control programmes. Image: RAPLOA Interview; Field surveyor showing the picture of L. loa in the eye to a participant
		Research Halophilanema prolata n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Allantonematidae), a parasite of the intertidal bug, Saldula laticollis (Reuter)(Hemiptera: Saldidae) on the Oregon coast George O Poinar Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:24 (1 February 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| Editor’s summary Halophilanema prolata (Nematoda: Allantonematidae) is described from the intertidal bug, Saldula laticollis on the Oregon coast. Infection rates ranged from 0 % to 85% depending on the microhabitat in the intertidal zone. Image: Parasitic female and juvenile stages of Halophilanema prolata removed from the hemocoel of the intertidal bug, Saldula laticollis on the Oregon coast.
		Editorial The 'Neglected Tropical Diseases': now a brand identity; responsibilities, context and promise. David H Molyneux Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:23 (30 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed
		Research Prevalence and risk factors for Giardia duodenalis infection among children: A case study in Portugal Claudia Julio, Anabela Vilares, Monica Oleastro, Idalina Ferreira, Salome Gomes, Lurdes Monteiro, Baltazar Nunes, Rogerio Tenreiro, Helena Angelo Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:22 (27 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We investigated the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis infection and identified possible associated risk factors in a healthy paediatric population from Portugal. We highlight the high prevalence of G.duodenalis in these children, as well as the parents¿ education level as the main risk factor. Of interest, we also found an association between G. duodenalis and Helicobacter pylori infections. Image: Giardia duodenalis cysts stained by FICT.
		Research Low and seasonal malaria transmission in the middle Senegal River basin: identification and characteristics of Anopheles vectors. Mamadou O Ndiath, Jean-Biram Sarr, Lobna Gaayeb, Catherine Mazenot, Seynabou Sougoufara, Lassana Konate, Franck Remoue, Emmanuel Hermann, Jean-Francois Trape, Gilles Riveau, Cheikh Sokhna Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:21 (23 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study, conducted in the Middle Senegal River basin demonstrates that, although various malaria vectors are present all the year round in this region, malaria transmission remains low and limited to the short rainy season. Image: Senegal River in Guede village.
		Short report The transmission of Leishmania infantum chagasi by the bite of the Lutzomyia longipalpis to two different vertebrates Nagila F C Secundino, Vanessa C DE Freitas, Carolina C Monteiro, Ana Clara A M Pires, Bruna A David, Paula F P Pimenta Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:20 (19 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We established a transmission model of Leishmania infantum chagasi by the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis. The parasites were successfully transmitted to mice and hamsters indicating that both animals are good experimental models.Image: An infected sandfly biting a mouse ear (transmission experiment). Inset: The mouse ear after bite (red dot).
		Research First report on the occurrence of Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia raoultii in Dermacentor silvarum in China Zhan CHENG Tian, Guang YUAN Liu, Hui Shen, Jun REN Xie, Jin Luo, Mei YUAN Tian Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:19 (19 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study reported the occurrence of R. raoultii and R. slovaca in XUAR, China and suggests that D. silvarum could be involved in the transmission of rickettsial agents in China. Image: An stereomicroscope view of a Dermacentor silvarum adult female.
		Review Taeniasis and cysticercosis due to Taenia solium in Japan Tetsuya Yanagida, Yasuhito Sako, Minoru Nakao, Kazuhiro Nakaya, Akira Ito Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:18 (17 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper provides an overview of the status of T. solium infection in Japan over the past 35 years and point out the potential risks to Japanese society. Image: Egg of Taenia solium in feces.
		Research Ecological factors related to the widespread distribution of sylvatic Rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations in southern Ecuador Mario J Grijalva, Victoria Suarez-Davalos, Anita G Villacis, Sofia Ocana-Mayorga, Olivier Dangles Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:17 (13 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Searches conducted in 23 localities in southern Ecuador show an abundance of sylvatic triatomines associated with squirrel, bird and rat nests, which may jeopardize the effectiveness of Chagas disease control campaigns. Image: Nests of the squirrel Sciurus stramineus are frequently infested with R. ecuadoriensis.
		Research Efficient in vitro RNA interference and immunofluorescence-based phenotype analysis in a human parasitic nematode, Brugia malayi Frederic Landmann, Jeremy M Foster, Barton E Slatko, William Sullivan Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:16 (13 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This manuscript demonstrates the efficient use of heterogeneous short interfering RNA mixes for performing RNAi in the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi and immunofluorescence-based analysis of cellular phenotypes. Image: Defective 2 cell embryo of Brugia malayi following RNAi targeting the polarity-determining gene, par-1.
		Research SYBR Green-based Real-Time PCR targeting kinetoplast DNA can be used to discriminate between the main etiologic agents of Brazilian cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases Daniela Pita-Pereira, Rachel Lins, Marcia P Oliveira, Rosimar B Lima, Bernardo AS Pereira, Otacilio C Moreira, Reginaldo P Brazil, Constanca Britto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:15 (12 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary SYBR Green-based real-time PCR targeting kDNA minicircles can differentiate between Leishmania subgenera through the amplicons dissociation kinetic. This methodology was further validated with human clinical specimens and field sandflies from Brazil. Image: Characteristic SYBR Green dissociation curve profiles of kDNA conserved regions amplicons from both Leishmania subgenera.
		Research Molecular detection of Setaria tundra (Nematoda: Filarioidea) and an unidentified filarial species in mosquitoes in Germany Christina Czajka, Norbert Becker, Sven Poppert, Hanna Jost, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Andreas Krueger Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:14 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We show for the first time that the cervid filaria Setaria tundra is widespread in southern Germany and transmitted by various mosquito species, except Culex spp. In contrast, a second, yet unidentified filarial species, was exclusively found in Culex spp. in Baden-Wurttemberg, and is likely to be a bird parasite. We found no zoonotic filariae. Image: A female house mosquito, Culex pipiens s.l., seeking an overwintering shelter in September 2011.
		Research High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a subset of Mexican patients with work accidents and low socioeconomic status Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Alejandro Torres-Castorena, Oliver Liesenfeld, Sergio Estrada-Martinez, Jesus D Urbina-Alvarez Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:13 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This case control seroprevalence study shows for the first time a link between seropositivity to Toxoplasma and recent work accidents in a subset of Mexican workers with low socioeconomic status. Image: Work accidents and Toxoplasma infection.
		Research Retarded Onchocerca volvulus L1 to L3 larval development in the Simulium damnosum vector after anti-wolbachial treatment of the human host Anna Albers, Mathias ENYONG Esum, Nicholas Tendongfor, Peter Enyong, Ute Klarmann, Samuel Wanji, Achim Hoerauf, Kenneth Pfarr Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:12 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Depleting Wolbachia essential endosymbionts from Onchocerca volvulus led to fewer third-stage larvae developing in the Simulium blackfly vector required for development and disease transmission. Image: Fewer third-stage larvae (light gray bars) are recovered from blackflies that have fed on Onchocerca volvulus infected volunteers.
		Research A dysflagellar mutant of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis isolated from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient Rogéria C Zauli, Jenicer KU Yokoyama-Yasunaka, Danilo C Miguel, Alexandre S Moura, Ledice IA Pereira, Ildefonso A da Silva, Lucianna GN Lemes, Miriam L Dorta, Milton AP de Oliveira, André N Pitaluga, Edna AY Ishikawa, Juliany CF Rodrigues, Yara M Traub-Cseko, A Bijovsky, Fátima Ribeiro-Dias, Silvia RB Uliana Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:11 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We describe a morphologically atypical Leishmania isolate, obtained from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient in Brazil. In axenic cultures, atypical promastigotes grow as round cells with very short or absent flagella. We show that, in spite of the defective flagella, they can infect macrophages and are able to establish infections in mice and sand flies. Image: Atypical promastigote of a L. (V.) braziliensis isolate.
		Research Lymphatic filariasis mapping by Immunochromatographic Test cards and baseline microfilaria survey prior to mass drug administration in Sierra Leone Joseph B Koroma, Momodu M Bangura, Mary H Hodges, Mohamed S Bah, Yaobi Zhang, Moses J Bockarie Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:10 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Sierra Leone is endemic with lymphatic filariasis. To facilitate the planning of the national elimination program, national prevalence mapping and baseline surveys were conducted, showing every district was qualified for mass drug administration. Image: A 23 year-old mother of 3 with elephantiasis in Bombali District.
		Research Anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effects of the hepatoprotective silymarin and the schistosomicide praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis Naglaa M El-Lakkany, Olfat A Hamam, Walaa H El-Madawy, Afkar A Badawy, Afaf A Ain-Shoka, Fatma A Ebeid Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:9 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study points to silymarin as a promising anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent and it could be introduced as a therapeutic tool with praziquantel in the treatment of schistosomal liver fibrosis. Image: Immunostain for TGF-β1 antibody in livers of mice treated with PZQ plus silymarin showing weakly and scattered positively stained hepatocytes and granuloma cells compared to infected untreated control.
		Research Changes in the geographical distribution and abundance of the tick Ixodes ricinus during the past 30 years in Sweden Thomas GT Jaenson, David GE Jaenson, Lars Eisen, Erik Petersson, Elisabet Lindgren Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:8 (10 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In Sweden, the tick (Ixodes ricinus) population has drastically expanded during the last 30 years, presumably in response mainly to the milder climate and a large roe deer population. Indirectly, this has resulted in increasing incidences of tick-borne human diseases. Image: The different active stages of the common European tick Ixodes ricinus.
		Research The use of a Psoroptes ovis serodiagnostic test for the analysis of a natural outbreak of sheep scab Stewart TG Burgess, Giles Innocent, Francesca Nunn, David Frew, Fiona Kenyon, Alasdair J Nisbet, John F Huntley Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:7 (10 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We utilised a sheep scab specific serodiagnostic assay to analyse a natural infestation within an experimental flock. The study demonstrated the assays ability to successfully diagnose sheep scab whilst also detecting sub-clinical disease. Image: Location of the natural outbreak of sheep scab within an experimental flock.
		Review Biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Khan Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:6 (10 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We describe the current understanding of Acanthamoeba biology, its ability to produce disease and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The use of Acanthamoeba as a model organism to study cellular processes and its role as a Trojan horse of the microbial world is highlighted. Image: Acanthamoeba trophozoite exhibiting phagocytic cups, known as amoebastomes.
		Research Stray dogs as indicators of Toxoplasma gondii distributed in the environment: the first report across an urban-rural gradient in China Chao Yan, Lin-Lin Fu, Cai-Ling Yue, Ren-Xian Tang, Yi-Sheng Liu, Liang Lv, Na Shi, Ping Zeng, Peng Zhang, Dong-Hui Wang, Dong-Hui Zhou, Xing-Quan Zhu, Kui-Yang Zheng Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:5 (5 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study shows Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalences of 38.7% in urban dogs and 41% in rural dogs (P>0.05), respectively, indicating that there might be a wide distribution and a constant infection pressure of T. gondii across an urban-rural gradient in China. Image: Dogs are important reservoirs and sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii in the environment.
		Research Real-time PCR of the mammalian hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene for analysis of flea (Ctenocephalides felis) feeding patterns on dogs Chengming Wang, Jane Mount, Jamie Butler, Dongya Gao, Euisun Jung, Byron L Blagburn, Bernhard Kaltenboeck Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:4 (4 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A highly specific FRET-probe PCR quantifies blood meals by fleas by detecting as little as 43 picoliters of canine blood through amplification of the mammalian hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene in canine leukocytes. Image:The FRET PCR robustly discriminates between fleas containing even single canine leukocytes and negative fleas that did not ingest canine blood.
		Research Quantitative PCR-based genome size estimation of the astigmatid mites Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes ovis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Kate E Mounsey, Charlene Willis, Stewart TG Burgess, Deborah C Holt, James McCarthy, Katja Fischer Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:3 (4 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary qPCR based genome estimations and determination of chromosome numbers in metaphase-arrested cells provide a first insight into the genetic organisation of astigmatid scabies mites, sheep scab mites and house dust mites. Image: Female Sarcoptes scabiei mite isolated from skin biopsies viewed through a Zeiss inverted light microscope. Photo credit: Katja Fischer.
		Short report Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): Early detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice Qing- MING Kong, Shao- HONG Lu, Qun- BO Tong, Di Lou, Rui Chen, Bin Zheng, Kumagai Takashi, Li- YONG Wen, Ohta Nobuo, Xiao- NONG Zhou Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:2 (3 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We established a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting the 529 bp repeat element (529 bp-LAMP) to detect Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the blood samples of experimental mice infected with tachyzoites of the RH strain. Due to its simplicity, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness for common use, we suggest that this assay should be used as an early diagnostic tool for health control of toxoplasmosis. Image: Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites cultured in HeLa cell monolayer.
		Research On a Cercopithifilaria sp. transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus: a neglected, but widespread filarioid of dogs Domenico Otranto, Emanuele Brianti, Maria Latrofa, Giada Annoscia, Stefania Weigl, Riccardo Lia, Gabriella Gaglio, Ettore Napoli, Salvatore Giannetto, Elias Papadopoulos, Guadalupe Mirò, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Odile Bain Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:1 (3 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study demonstrated that, in addition to the most common species of filarioids infesting dogs, a recently discovered Cercopithifilaria sp. with dermal microfilariae should be considered in tick-exposed animals. Image: An immunofluorescence view of a Rhipicephalus sanguineus nymph.