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Sterilising effects of pyriproxyfen on Anopheles arabiensis and its potential use in malaria control
Caroline Harris, Dickson W Lwetoijera, Stefan Dongus, Nancy S Matowo, Lena M Lorenz, Gregor J Devine, Silas Majambere Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:144 (17 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Exposure to pyriproxyfen for 30 minutes at 3 mg AI/m2 is shown to sterilise Anopheles arabiensis when exposed the day after blood-feeding during their egg development/resting phase. Optimisation of pyriproxyfen exposure could lead to a novel mosquito sterilisation method for malaria vector control. Image: Anopheles arabiensis undergoing exposure to pyriproxyfen or control conditions via treated glass bottles.
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Endemic characteristics of infantile visceral leishmaniasis in the People's Republic of China
Qing Fu, Shi-Zhu Li, Wei-Ping Wu, Yan-Yan Hou, Song Zhang, Yu Feng, Li-Ping Zhang, Lin-Hua Tang Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:143 (17 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
This study shows the recently endemic characteristics of infantile visceral leishmaniasis in China, which has been ignored for some time and emerged as a severe threat to infants in endemic areas. Image: A courtyard in Kashgar, where unprotected infants were exposed in summer.
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Use of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in biological control of intermediate host snails of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in nursery ponds in the Red River Delta, Vietnam
Nguyen M Hung, Nguyen V Duc, Jay R Stauffer, Henry Madsen Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:142 (16 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Fish raised in aquaculture ponds are often infected with fish-borne zoonotic trematodes and we tried to use black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) for biological control of the intermediate host snails in nursery ponds in Northern Vietnam. The black carp consumes large amounts of freshwater snails and does reduce snail density in these ponds. Image: Pharyngeal teeth of black carp.
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Field transmission intensity of Schistosoma japonicum measured by basic reproduction ratio from modified Barbour's model
Shu-Jing Gao, Yu-Ying He, Yu-Jiang Liu, Guo-Jing Yang, Xiao-Nong Zhou Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:141 (16 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Transmission dynamics of S. japonicum to account for seasonal variation and the effectiveness of the control strategy adopted in Xingzi county, China were introduced, after the explicit formula of the basic reproduction ratio for the SV-modified Barbour?s model was derived. Image: The main definitive bovine host of Schistosoma japonicum in marshland of Xingzi country, China.
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered horses and donkeys in Liaoning province, northeastern China
Na Yang, Ming-Yang Mu, Gao-ming Yuan, Guo-xin Zhang, Hong-Kui Li, Jian-Bin He Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:140 (16 May 2013)
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The seroprevalences of Toxoplasma gondii were 25.0% and 23.6% in slaughtered horses and donkeys, respectively, in Liaoning province, northeastern China using the modified agglutination test (MAT), which raises public health concern in this region. Image: Horse, the intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondii.
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Altitudinal variation in haemosporidian parasite distribution in great tit populations
Juan van Rooyen, Fabrice Lalubin, Olivier Glaizot, Philippe Christe Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:139 (7 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
This study investigated avian haemosporidian parasite (Plasmodium spp., Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp.) prevalence and distribution in great tits based on environmental conditions, primarily brought about by altitudinal differences.
Image: The great tit (Parus major).
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Spatio-temporal analysis to identify determinants of Oncomelania hupensis infection with Schistosoma japonicum in Jiangsu province, China
Kun Yang, Wei Li, Le-Ping Sun, Yi-Xin Huang, Jian-Feng Zhang, Feng Wu, De-Rong, Hang, Peter Steinmann, You-Sheng Liang Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:138 (6 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
The study provides a method to identify these areas and risk factors for persistent infected snail presence through spatio-temporal analysis, and could assist in designing evidence-based control strategies for schistosomiasis elimination. Image: Directional distribution of infected snails in different years.
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Using a new odour-baited device to explore options for luring and killing outdoor-biting malaria vectors: a report on design and field evaluation of the Mosquito Landing Box
Nancy S Matowo, Jason Moore, Salum Mapua, Edith P Madumla, Irene R Moshi, Emanuel W Kaindoa, Stephen P Mwangungulu, Deogratius R Kavishe, Robert D Sumaye, Dickson W Lwetoijera, Fredros O Okumu Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:137 (4 May 2013)
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Mosquitoes that bite people outdoors can sustain malaria transmission even where effective indoor interventions such as bednets are already widely used. We evaluated a prototype mosquito control device, the Mosquito Landing Box (MLB), which has potential against outdoor-biting mosquitoes in communities where LLINs are used. To be most effective, candidate contaminants must be those that are effective at ultra-low doses even after short contact periods, since important vector species such as An. arabiensis make only brief visits to such devices. Image: Diagram of the Mosquito Landing Box, a new outdoor mosquito control tool which is baited with human odours and treated with mosquitocidal agents.
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Anopheles species associations in Southeast Asia: indicator species and environmental influences
Valérie Obsomer, Marc Dufrene, Pierre Defourny, Marc Coosemans Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:136 (4 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Anopheles species associations in south east Asia are successfully identified using asymmetrical similarity coefficients, indirect clustering and indicator species. Additionally, vegetation indices could discriminate two-third of sites grouped per species similarities. Image: Anopheles associations in south east Asia.
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Hepatic stellate cells increase in Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice
Hasan Tar¿k Atmaca, Aycan Nuriye Gazya¿c¿, S¿la Canpolat, O¿uz Kul Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:135 (4 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
This study shows the role of hepatic stellate cells due to Toxoplasma gondii hepatitis using immunohistochemical tests. Image: Anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive hepatic stellate cells containing parasites.
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Malaria infection does not affect the sensitivity of peripheral receptor neurons in Anopheles stephensi
Alan J Grant, Marc A Muskavitch, Robert J O¿Connell Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:134 (4 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Our studies indicate that infection of female Anopheles stephensi with Plasmodium berghei does not alter the response characteristics of the neurons innervating the maxillary palp sensilla that respond to the attractants carbon dioxide and 1-octen-3-ol. Image: Scanning Electron micrograph of a single basiconic sensillum located on the maxillary palp of a female Anopheles spp mosquito.
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Insecticide-impregnated netting as a potential tool for long-lasting control of the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis in animal shelters
Daniel Peter Bray, James G Hamilton Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:133 (4 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
We tested long-lasting insecticide impregnated netting (LLIN) as a potential alternative to residual insecticide spraying for controlling the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis. The results indicate that LLIN may prove a more durable alternative for sand fly control. Image: Animal shelter.
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Redescription of Cercopithifilaria bainae Almeida & Vicente, 1984 (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) from a dog in Sardinia, Italy
Domenico Otranto, Antonio Varcasia, Cinzia Solinas, Antonio Scala, Emanuele Brianti, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Giada Annoscia, Coralie Martin, Yasen Mutafchiev, Odile Bain Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:132 (4 May 2013)
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This article redescribes Cercopithifilaria bainae Almeida and Vicente, 1984 and provides morphological and molecular evidences of its identity with Cercopithifilaria sp. sensu Otranto et al., 2011 and Cercopithifilaria sp. I microfilariae. C. bainae appears to be highly diffused in dog populations infested by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. Image: Cercopithifilaria bainae, paratype, female (CHIOC no. 32.176d). Lateral view and oesophago-intestinal junction.
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Taxis assays measure directional movement of mosquitoes to olfactory cues
Lena M Lorenz, Aidan Keane, Jason D Moore, Cristina J Munk, Laura Seeholzer, Antony Mseka, Emmanuel Simfukwe, Joseph Ligamba, Elizabeth L Turner, Lubandwa R Biswaro, Fredros O Okumu, Gerry F Killeen, Wolfgang R Mukabana, Sarah J Moore Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:131 (3 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
A new assay consisting of three netting chambers can measure directional responses of female Anopheles mosquitoes to attractive odours over distances up to 70 metres in the semi-field and 30 metres in the field. Image: Taxis boxes set up in the field.
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Efficacy of indoxacarb applied to cats against the adult cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, flea eggs and adult flea emergence
Michael W Dryden, Patricia A Payne, Vicki Smith, Kathleen Heaney, Fangshi Sun Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:126 (3 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of indoxacarb applied to cats on adult cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, flea egg production and adult flea emergence. Image: Female Ctenocephalides felis.
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Bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets against pyrethroid-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae s.s. from different malaria transmission zones in Uganda
Michael Okia, Richard Ndyomugyenyi, James Kirunda, Anatol Byaruhanga, Seraphine Adibaku, Denis K Lwamafa, Fred Kironde Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:130 (2 May 2013)
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Bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets against four pyrethroid-resistant populations of An. gambiae from Uganda varied depending on the net type and origin of the mosquitoes, with the exception of a combination net which performed optimally against all mosquito populations. Observed sub-optimal performance of pyrethroid-only nets is of concern, considering that all nets were unused Rresistance in Uganda is high and increasing, and scale-up of pyrethroid-treated nets is ongoing. Image: Bed nets used against malaria.
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Predicting Culex pipiens/restuans population dynamics by interval lagged weather data
Karin Lebl, Katharina Brugger, Franz Rubel Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:129 (2 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
In this study the correlations between Cx. pipiens/restuans and time lagged environmental factors were investigated. The time lagged environmental factors were used to generate a predictive model for the population dynamic of the mosquitoes. Image: Cross-correlation map showing the correlation of the mosquito capture rates with different lags for daytime length.
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Babesia lengau associated with cerebral and haemolytic babesiosis in two domestic cats
Anna-Mari Bosman, Marinda C Oosthuizen, Estelle H Venter, Johan CA Steyl, Tertius A Gous, Barend L Penzhorn Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:128 (1 May 2013)
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Editor’s summary
Babesia lengau, initially described from clinically normal cheetahs, was associated with cerebral and haemolytic babesiosis, respectively, in two domestic cats in South Africa. Image: Congestion of brain of affected cat, with multiple petechiae.
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Expression and cellular trafficking of GP82 and GP90 glycoproteins during Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis
Ethel Bayer-Santos, Narcisa Leal Cunha-e-Silva, Nobuko Yoshida, José Franco da Silveira Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:127 (1 May 2013)
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Isolated intermediate forms were analyzed by a combination of techniques, revealing that GP82 and GP90 mRNAs and proteins are already expressed. GP82 and GP90 displayed distinct cellular localizations in intermediate forms, indicating that during metacyclogenesis they follow different pathways toward the surface of metacyclic trypomastigotes. Image: GP82 and GP90 expression during metacyclogenesis.
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Screening and identification of novel B cell epitopes of Toxoplasma gondii SAG1
Yanhua Wang, Guangxiang Wang, Delin Zhang, Hong Yin, Meng Wang Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:125 (30 April 2013)
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We precisely located the epitopes of Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 using pig sera collected at different time points after infection. Image: Toxoplasma gondii
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Molecular analysis of Baylisascaris columnaris revealed mitochondrial and nuclear polymorphisms
Frits Franssen, Kayin Xie, Hein Sprong, Joke van der Giessen Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:124 (29 April 2013)
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This study shows the genetic characterisation of Baylisascaris columnaris, based on mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase 1 and 2) and nuclear (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S) molecular markers. Four different B. columnaris multi-locus genotypes were found, based on 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two insertions / deletions. Image: morphological details of posterior end of male B. columnaris.
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Paediatric Visceral Leishmaniasis in Italy: a 'One Health' approach is needed
Vincenzo Lorusso, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Francesco Caprio, Mariano Manzionna, Francesco Santoro, Gad Baneth, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:123 (29 April 2013)
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This letter describes a case of Paediatric Visceral Leishmaniasis from southern Italy, diagnosed through a prime example of communication between a veterinarian and physicians. This report illustrates how pivotal a 'One Health' approach is for the correct diagnosis and management of this zoonosis in endemic areas. Image: map of Italy, with focus on Apulia region (grey), where the case was diagnosed.
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Characterization of the biology and infectivity of Leishmania infantum viscerotropic and dermotropic strains isolated from HIV+ and HIV- patients in the murine model of visceral leishmaniasis
Joana Cunha, Eugenia Carrillo, Carmen Sánchez, Israel Cruz, Javier Moreno, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:122 (26 April 2013)
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Biological parameters of four Leishmania infantum strains were evaluated using infectivity in mouse model as read-out. Progression of visceral leishmaniasis was dependent on intrinsic characteristics of the parasites that did not seem to correlate with immunogenicity.
Image: Bone marrow-derived macrophage infected with CFSE-labeled L. infantum.
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Morphological polymorphism of Trypanosoma copemani and description of the genetically diverse T. vegrandis sp. nov. from the critically endangered Australian potoroid, the brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata (Gray, 1837))
Craig K Thompson, Adriana Botero, Adrian F Wayne, Stephanie S Godfrey, Alan J Lymbery, RC Andrew Thompson Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:121 (26 April 2013)
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We describe a new trypanosome species found infecting the Brush-tailed Bettong. Trypanosoma vegrandis sp. nov. is one of the smallest trypanosomes found infecting maImagemmals, measuring as small as 6.92 micro m. Image: The critically endangered Brush-tailed Bettong.
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Comparison of the differential expression miRNAs in Wistar rats before and 10 days after S.japonicum infection
Hongxiao Han, Jinbiao Peng, Yang Hong, Min Zhang, Yanhui Han, Zhiqiang Fu, Yaojun Shi, Jinjun Xu, Jianping Tao, Jiaojiao Lin Parasites & Vectors 2013, 6:120 (24 April 2013)
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The study presents for the first time an extensive analysis of miRNA expression profiles in the different tissues of the schistosome-infected Wistar rats, a semi-permissive host. Image: A comparison of the differential expression miRNAs in tissues of Wistar rats under S. japonicum infection.
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