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		Short report Elevation of dopamine level reduces host-seeking activity in the adult female mosquito Aedes albopictus Yuki Fukumitsu, Keiichi Irie, Tomomitsu Satho, Hitoshi Aonuma, Hamady Dieng, Abu Hassan Ahmad, Yukihiko Nakashima, Kenichi Mishima, Nobuhiro Kashige, Fumio Miake Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:92 (10 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Female mosquitoes show host-seeking behavior to take blood meals. Our study provides evidence that dopamine is involved in modulating host-seeking behavior in adult female Aedes albopictus. Image: Adult female Aedes albopictus.
		Review Pet roundworms and hookworms: A continuing need for global worming Donato Traversa Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:91 (10 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Intestinal nematodes may parasitize from the cosseted pet to the stray animal, causing concern in veterinary and human medicine. This review focuses on pathogenicity, epidemiology and control methods of ascarids and ancylostomatids. Image: Companion dog and cats sharing the same apartment.
		Research Growth and ontogeny of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in its copepod first host affects performance in its stickleback second intermediate host Daniel P Benesh, Nina Hafer Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:90 (7 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study evaluated how larval size, age, and ontogeny of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in the copepod first host interact to determine performance in the stickleback second host. Phenotypic variation in the copepod host had carryover effects in the fish host, indicating that transmission up the food web into bigger, "better" hosts does not imply a new start for parasites. Image: Copepod infected with S. solidus.
		Research Mansonia africana and Mansonia uniformis are Vectors in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in Ghana Josephine Ughasi, Hilaria Esiawonam Bekhard, Maimouna Coulibaly, Delphina Adabie-Gomez, John Gyapong, Maxwell Appawu, Michael David Wilson, Daniel Adjei Boakye Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:89 (7 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Anopheles species are considered the only vectors of LF in West Africa. We report Mansonia africana and Mansonia uniformis as vectors in parts of Ghana. This has important implications for LF elimination. Image: Proportion of Mansonia species in total mosquitoes collected in the Gomoa District.
		Research Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia Mohammed AK Mahdy, Yvonne AL Lim, Romano Ngui, MR Siti Fatimah, Seow H Choy, Nan J Yap, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Jamaiah Ibrahim, Johari Surin Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:88 (7 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study isolated both Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Ancylostoma caninum from dogs with A. ceylanicum being predominant. This implicates dogs as potential reservoir hosts of hookworm in Malaysia. Image: Dogs in close contact with humans.
		Research Sequence analysis of the 3'-untranslated region of HSP70 (type I) genes in the genus Leishmania: its usefulness as a molecular marker for species identification Jose M Requena, Carmen Chicharro, Lineth García, Rudy Parrado, Concepción J Puerta, Carmen Cañavate Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:87 (28 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary To distinguish among the twenty Leishmania species causing leishmaniasis is crucial for correct prognosis as well as for treatment decisions. We show that the 3'-UTR of HSP70-I genes may be a useful molecular marker for species typing within the Leishmania genus. Image: Giemsa-stained Leishmania infantum promastigotes, and a map of the HSP70 region analyzed in this study.
		Research Spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria transmission in rural Western Kenya Nyaguara Amek, Nabie Bayoh, Mary Hamel, Kim A Lindblade, John Gimnig, Frank Odhiambo, Kayla F Laserson, Laurence Slutsker, Thomas Smith, Penelope Vounatsou Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:86 (28 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study describes the spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria transmission in rural western Kenya. Bayesian zero-inflated models were used to analyze sparse geostatistical entomological data and produce smooth maps of entomological inoculation rate (EIR). Image: Spatial variation of malaria transmission measured by EIR.
		Research Therapeutic efficacy of milbemycin oxime/praziquantel oral formulation (Milbemax(R)) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infested dogs and cats Bruna Motta, Manuela Schnyder, Fabrizio Solari Basano, Fabio Naegeli, Catherine Naegeli, Brigitte Schiessl, Egidio Mallia, Riccardo Lia, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:85 (27 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In a placebo controlled field study conducted with 56 dogs and 31cats from Thelazia callipaeda endemic areas of Switzerland and Italy the commercial formulation Milbemax (milbemycin oxime/praziquantel tablets) showed a high therapeutic efficacy in curing T. callipaeda infestations. Image: Eye of a cat from Basilicata (Italy) infested with several adult specimens of Thelazia callipaeda.
		Research Human ocular onchocerciasis: further evidence on the zoonotic role of Onchocerca lupi Domenico Otranto, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Zafer Cebeci, Baris Yeniad, Nesimi Buyukbabani, Ozden Buyukbaba Boral, Andrea Gustinelli, Trimèche Mounir, Yasen Mutafchiev, Odile Bain Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:84 (27 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Two zoonotic cases of human ocular filariosis by Onchocerca lupi are here described in patients from Turkey and Tunisia. This manuscript provides definitive evidence of human zoonotic infestation by this nematode. Image: Extraction of O. lupi from the sub-conjunctiva.
		Research Molecular evidence of Culex pipiens form molestus and hybrids pipiens/molestus in Morocco, North Africa Fadila Amraoui, Mhamed Tijane, Mhammed Sarih, Anna-Bella Failloux Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:83 (27 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Our study shows that Cx. pipiens form molestus is present in Morocco and hybrids between pipiens and molestus form in North Africa. These findings have important epidemiological implications as hybrids with their opportunistic biting behavior may act as a bridge-vector for transmission of pathogens from birds to humans. Image: Larval breeding site of Culex pipiens in Morocco.
		Research Efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas and ticks on cats Dorothee Stanneck, Eva M Kruedewagen, Josephus J Fourie, Ivan G Horak, Wendell Davis, Klemens J Krieger Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:82 (27 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Investigations on a new antiparasitic collar revealed a fast onset of and a sustainable 8 months lasting efficacy against fleas and ticks on cats. Image: Cat wearing a new antiparasitic collar, containing imidacloprid and flumethrin.
		Research The global limits and population at risk of soil-transmitted helminth infections in 2010 Rachel L Pullan, Simon J Brooker Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:81 (26 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study describes the global limits of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) species on the basis of environmental and socioeconomic factors, and investigates the effects of urbanisation and economic development on STH transmission. Image: Limits of STH transmission in the Africa region.
		Research Population genetic structure of Aedes polynesiensis in the Society Islands of French Polynesia: implications for control using a Wolbachia-based autocidal strategy Corey L Brelsfoard, Stephen L Dobson Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:80 (24 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We report on the population genetic structure of Aedes polynesiensis in the Society Islands of French Polynesia, and discuss the implications of the results on a Wolbachia-based autocidal strategy. Image: Motu Toamaro adjacent to the main island of Raiatea, French Polynesia
		Research Efficacy of slow-release collar formulations of imidacloprid/flumethrin and deltamethrin and of spot-on formulations of fipronil/(s) - methoprene, dinotefuran/pyriproxyfen/permethrin and (s) -methoprene/amitraz/fipronil against Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs Ivan G Horak, Josephus J Fourie, Dorothee Stanneck Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:79 (22 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A new antiparasitic collar, containing imidacloprid and flumethrin was compared with several marketed products with respect to flea and tick efficacy over the duration of 8 months. Image: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, one of the parasite species tested.
		Research Insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from Zanzibar: implications for vector control programmes Christopher M Jones, Camille Machin, Khalfan Mohammed, Silas Majambere, Abdullah S Ali, Bakari O Khatib, Juma Mcha, Hilary Ranson, Louise A Kelly-Hope Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:78 (21 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The study examined Culex species from Zanzibar to detect Wuchereria bancrofti infection and to determine levels of susceptibility to insecticides. The results have implications for vector control programmes on Zanzibar. Image: Mosquito larval storage, Pemba Island.
		Review Teaching human parasitology in China Guanghui Zhao, Shenyi He, Lin Chen, Na Shi, Yang Bai, Xing-Quan Zhu Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:77 (20 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Here we have summarized the distribution of educational institutions in China. In addition, we have described some existing parasitology courses in detail. Finally, we have discussed the current problems in and reforms to human parasitology education. Image: Chinese students in a parasitology class.
		Research Molecular xenomonitoring of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from north-eastern Italy by real-time PCR coupled with melting curve analysis Maria STEFANIA Latrofa, Fabrizio Montarsi, Silvia Ciocchetta, Giada Annoscia, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Silvia Ravagnan, Gioia Capelli, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:76 (20 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study shown the specificity of real-time PCR assay coupled with melting curve analysis for detection and delineation between Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in naturally infected mosquitoes. Image: Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria immitis, Aedes vexans specimens and representative melting curve analysis.
		Research Prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in Beichuan County, Sichuan, China and phylogenetic evidence for an undescribed Leishmania sp. in China based on 7SL RNA Ke Sun, Wang Guan, Jian-Guo Zhang, Ya-Jing Wang, Yu Tian, Lin Liao, Bin-Bin Yang, Da-Li Chen, Jian-Ping Chen Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:75 (19 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We report the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China. This study also provides evidence for the existence of the undescribed leishmania species which we previously reported. Image: The axenic cultured proamastigote of strain MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2, which belongs to the undescribed species
		Research Prevalence of Neoehrlichia mikurensis in ticks and rodents from North-west Europe Setareh Jahfari, Manoj Fonville, Paul Hengeveld, Chantal Reusken, Ernst-Jan Scholte, Willem Takken, Paul Heyman, Jolyon Medlock, Dieter Heylen, Jenny Kleve, Hein Sprong Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:74 (19 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Neoehrlichia mikurensis is an emerging tick-borne zoonoses in Europe. Not because the microorganism has recently been introduced, but rather that the first patients have been described recently. Image: Ticktactics in The Netherlands (Fedor Gassner)
		Research The synergistic action of imidacloprid and flumethrin and their release kinetics from collars applied for ectoparasite control in dogs and cats Dorothee Stanneck, Ulrich Ebbinghaus-Kintscher, Eva Schoenhense, Eva M Kruedewagen, Andreas Turberg, Andrew Leisewitz, Wolfgang Jiritschka, Klemens J Krieger Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:73 (12 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Investigations of a new antiparasitic collar revealed a synergistic effect of its active ingredients imidacloprid and flumethrin and their slow, even and sustainable release kinetics from the collar over 8 months. Image: Cat and dog wearing a new antiparasitic collar, containing imidacloprid and flumethrin.
		Research Impact of three years of large scale Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) interventions on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Benin Gil Germain Padonou, Michel Sezonlin, Razaki Osse, Nazaire Aizoun, Frederic Oke-Agbo, Olivier Oussou, Ghelus Gbedjissi, Martin Akogbeto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:72 (10 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study demonstrates the impact of three years of large scale indoor residual spraying using bendiocarb and deltamethrin treated nets interventions. Findings reveal that Anopheles gambiae have maintained and developed the resistance to pyrethroids, but are still susceptible to bendiocarb. The selection of resistant individuals was caused by other insecticides than those used by malaria vector control tools. Image: IRS workers.
		Review The origins of the trypanosome genome strains Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU 927, T. b. gambiense DAL 972, T. vivax Y486 and T. congolense IL3000 Wendy Gibson Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:71 (7 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The purpose of this short review is to provide some background information on the origins and biological characterisation of the tsetse-transmitted African trypanosome strains chosen for the genome sequencing projects (see www.geneDB.org). Image: Trypanosoma brucei in a stained blood smear.
		Review Twenty two cases of canine neural angiostronglyosis in eastern Australia (2002-2005) and a review of the literature Julian A Lunn, Rogan Lee, Joanna Smaller, Bruce M MacKay, Terry King, Geraldine B Hunt, Patricia Martin, Mark B Krockenberger, Derek Spielman, Richard Malik Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:70 (5 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A retrospective study of neural angiostrongylosis from dogs in eastern Australia provided data on 21 new cases. While most dogs (especially young dogs) had ascending paralysis associated with marked spinal hyperesthesia, some patients displayed neck pain alone, or intracranial signs. Image: Larval A. cantonensis in transverse section and marked inflammation in the spinal meninges of a brushtail possum.
		Research A global map of dominant malaria vectors Marianne E Sinka, Michael J Bangs, Sylvie Manguin, Yasmin Rubio-Palis, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Maureen Coetzee, Charles M Mbogo, Janet Hemingway, Anand P Patil, William H Temperley, Peter W Gething, Caroline W Kabaria, Thomas R Burkot, Ralph E Harbach, Simon I Hay Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:69 (4 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We describe the generation of a global map of the dominant vector species (DVS) of malaria created by combining evidence-based predicted distribution maps for individual species or species complexes. Image: The distribution of dominant malaria vectors in Africa.
		Research Update on resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.s. to conventional insecticides at a previous WHOPES field site, "Yaokoffikro", 6 years after the political crisis in Côte d'Ivoire Alphonsine A Koffi, Ludovic Alou, Maurice A Adja, Moussa Koné, Fabrice Chandre, Raphael N'Guessan Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:68 (2 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The results presented here show that insecticide resistance in the S form of An. gambiae s.s. is multifactorial at this locality and includes, in addition to target site mutations, enhanced metabolic mechanism components never identified before. At least four resistance mechanisms were found: high frequency of the L1014F kdr, ace-1R and increased activity of NSE and GSTs. Image: A description of bioassay experiments during susceptibility test at IPR facilities.

	All
		Short report Elevation of dopamine level reduces host-seeking activity in the adult female mosquito Aedes albopictus Yuki Fukumitsu, Keiichi Irie, Tomomitsu Satho, Hitoshi Aonuma, Hamady Dieng, Abu Hassan Ahmad, Yukihiko Nakashima, Kenichi Mishima, Nobuhiro Kashige, Fumio Miake Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:92 (10 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Female mosquitoes show host-seeking behavior to take blood meals. Our study provides evidence that dopamine is involved in modulating host-seeking behavior in adult female Aedes albopictus. Image: Adult female Aedes albopictus.
		Review Pet roundworms and hookworms: A continuing need for global worming Donato Traversa Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:91 (10 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Intestinal nematodes may parasitize from the cosseted pet to the stray animal, causing concern in veterinary and human medicine. This review focuses on pathogenicity, epidemiology and control methods of ascarids and ancylostomatids. Image: Companion dog and cats sharing the same apartment.
		Research Growth and ontogeny of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in its copepod first host affects performance in its stickleback second intermediate host Daniel P Benesh, Nina Hafer Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:90 (7 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study evaluated how larval size, age, and ontogeny of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in the copepod first host interact to determine performance in the stickleback second host. Phenotypic variation in the copepod host had carryover effects in the fish host, indicating that transmission up the food web into bigger, "better" hosts does not imply a new start for parasites. Image: Copepod infected with S. solidus.
		Research Mansonia africana and Mansonia uniformis are Vectors in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in Ghana Josephine Ughasi, Hilaria Esiawonam Bekhard, Maimouna Coulibaly, Delphina Adabie-Gomez, John Gyapong, Maxwell Appawu, Michael David Wilson, Daniel Adjei Boakye Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:89 (7 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Anopheles species are considered the only vectors of LF in West Africa. We report Mansonia africana and Mansonia uniformis as vectors in parts of Ghana. This has important implications for LF elimination. Image: Proportion of Mansonia species in total mosquitoes collected in the Gomoa District.
		Research Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia Mohammed AK Mahdy, Yvonne AL Lim, Romano Ngui, MR Siti Fatimah, Seow H Choy, Nan J Yap, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Jamaiah Ibrahim, Johari Surin Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:88 (7 May 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study isolated both Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Ancylostoma caninum from dogs with A. ceylanicum being predominant. This implicates dogs as potential reservoir hosts of hookworm in Malaysia. Image: Dogs in close contact with humans.
		Research Sequence analysis of the 3'-untranslated region of HSP70 (type I) genes in the genus Leishmania: its usefulness as a molecular marker for species identification Jose M Requena, Carmen Chicharro, Lineth García, Rudy Parrado, Concepción J Puerta, Carmen Cañavate Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:87 (28 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary To distinguish among the twenty Leishmania species causing leishmaniasis is crucial for correct prognosis as well as for treatment decisions. We show that the 3'-UTR of HSP70-I genes may be a useful molecular marker for species typing within the Leishmania genus. Image: Giemsa-stained Leishmania infantum promastigotes, and a map of the HSP70 region analyzed in this study.
		Research Spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria transmission in rural Western Kenya Nyaguara Amek, Nabie Bayoh, Mary Hamel, Kim A Lindblade, John Gimnig, Frank Odhiambo, Kayla F Laserson, Laurence Slutsker, Thomas Smith, Penelope Vounatsou Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:86 (28 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study describes the spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria transmission in rural western Kenya. Bayesian zero-inflated models were used to analyze sparse geostatistical entomological data and produce smooth maps of entomological inoculation rate (EIR). Image: Spatial variation of malaria transmission measured by EIR.
		Research Therapeutic efficacy of milbemycin oxime/praziquantel oral formulation (Milbemax(R)) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infested dogs and cats Bruna Motta, Manuela Schnyder, Fabrizio Solari Basano, Fabio Naegeli, Catherine Naegeli, Brigitte Schiessl, Egidio Mallia, Riccardo Lia, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:85 (27 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In a placebo controlled field study conducted with 56 dogs and 31cats from Thelazia callipaeda endemic areas of Switzerland and Italy the commercial formulation Milbemax (milbemycin oxime/praziquantel tablets) showed a high therapeutic efficacy in curing T. callipaeda infestations. Image: Eye of a cat from Basilicata (Italy) infested with several adult specimens of Thelazia callipaeda.
		Research Human ocular onchocerciasis: further evidence on the zoonotic role of Onchocerca lupi Domenico Otranto, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Zafer Cebeci, Baris Yeniad, Nesimi Buyukbabani, Ozden Buyukbaba Boral, Andrea Gustinelli, Trimèche Mounir, Yasen Mutafchiev, Odile Bain Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:84 (27 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Two zoonotic cases of human ocular filariosis by Onchocerca lupi are here described in patients from Turkey and Tunisia. This manuscript provides definitive evidence of human zoonotic infestation by this nematode. Image: Extraction of O. lupi from the sub-conjunctiva.
		Research Molecular evidence of Culex pipiens form molestus and hybrids pipiens/molestus in Morocco, North Africa Fadila Amraoui, Mhamed Tijane, Mhammed Sarih, Anna-Bella Failloux Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:83 (27 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Our study shows that Cx. pipiens form molestus is present in Morocco and hybrids between pipiens and molestus form in North Africa. These findings have important epidemiological implications as hybrids with their opportunistic biting behavior may act as a bridge-vector for transmission of pathogens from birds to humans. Image: Larval breeding site of Culex pipiens in Morocco.
		Research Efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas and ticks on cats Dorothee Stanneck, Eva M Kruedewagen, Josephus J Fourie, Ivan G Horak, Wendell Davis, Klemens J Krieger Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:82 (27 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Investigations on a new antiparasitic collar revealed a fast onset of and a sustainable 8 months lasting efficacy against fleas and ticks on cats. Image: Cat wearing a new antiparasitic collar, containing imidacloprid and flumethrin.
		Research The global limits and population at risk of soil-transmitted helminth infections in 2010 Rachel L Pullan, Simon J Brooker Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:81 (26 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study describes the global limits of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) species on the basis of environmental and socioeconomic factors, and investigates the effects of urbanisation and economic development on STH transmission. Image: Limits of STH transmission in the Africa region.
		Research Population genetic structure of Aedes polynesiensis in the Society Islands of French Polynesia: implications for control using a Wolbachia-based autocidal strategy Corey L Brelsfoard, Stephen L Dobson Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:80 (24 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We report on the population genetic structure of Aedes polynesiensis in the Society Islands of French Polynesia, and discuss the implications of the results on a Wolbachia-based autocidal strategy. Image: Motu Toamaro adjacent to the main island of Raiatea, French Polynesia
		Research Efficacy of slow-release collar formulations of imidacloprid/flumethrin and deltamethrin and of spot-on formulations of fipronil/(s) - methoprene, dinotefuran/pyriproxyfen/permethrin and (s) -methoprene/amitraz/fipronil against Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs Ivan G Horak, Josephus J Fourie, Dorothee Stanneck Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:79 (22 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A new antiparasitic collar, containing imidacloprid and flumethrin was compared with several marketed products with respect to flea and tick efficacy over the duration of 8 months. Image: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, one of the parasite species tested.
		Research Insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from Zanzibar: implications for vector control programmes Christopher M Jones, Camille Machin, Khalfan Mohammed, Silas Majambere, Abdullah S Ali, Bakari O Khatib, Juma Mcha, Hilary Ranson, Louise A Kelly-Hope Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:78 (21 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The study examined Culex species from Zanzibar to detect Wuchereria bancrofti infection and to determine levels of susceptibility to insecticides. The results have implications for vector control programmes on Zanzibar. Image: Mosquito larval storage, Pemba Island.
		Review Teaching human parasitology in China Guanghui Zhao, Shenyi He, Lin Chen, Na Shi, Yang Bai, Xing-Quan Zhu Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:77 (20 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Here we have summarized the distribution of educational institutions in China. In addition, we have described some existing parasitology courses in detail. Finally, we have discussed the current problems in and reforms to human parasitology education. Image: Chinese students in a parasitology class.
		Research Molecular xenomonitoring of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from north-eastern Italy by real-time PCR coupled with melting curve analysis Maria STEFANIA Latrofa, Fabrizio Montarsi, Silvia Ciocchetta, Giada Annoscia, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Silvia Ravagnan, Gioia Capelli, Domenico Otranto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:76 (20 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study shown the specificity of real-time PCR assay coupled with melting curve analysis for detection and delineation between Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in naturally infected mosquitoes. Image: Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria immitis, Aedes vexans specimens and representative melting curve analysis.
		Research Prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in Beichuan County, Sichuan, China and phylogenetic evidence for an undescribed Leishmania sp. in China based on 7SL RNA Ke Sun, Wang Guan, Jian-Guo Zhang, Ya-Jing Wang, Yu Tian, Lin Liao, Bin-Bin Yang, Da-Li Chen, Jian-Ping Chen Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:75 (19 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We report the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China. This study also provides evidence for the existence of the undescribed leishmania species which we previously reported. Image: The axenic cultured proamastigote of strain MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2, which belongs to the undescribed species
		Research Prevalence of Neoehrlichia mikurensis in ticks and rodents from North-west Europe Setareh Jahfari, Manoj Fonville, Paul Hengeveld, Chantal Reusken, Ernst-Jan Scholte, Willem Takken, Paul Heyman, Jolyon Medlock, Dieter Heylen, Jenny Kleve, Hein Sprong Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:74 (19 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Neoehrlichia mikurensis is an emerging tick-borne zoonoses in Europe. Not because the microorganism has recently been introduced, but rather that the first patients have been described recently. Image: Ticktactics in The Netherlands (Fedor Gassner)
		Research The synergistic action of imidacloprid and flumethrin and their release kinetics from collars applied for ectoparasite control in dogs and cats Dorothee Stanneck, Ulrich Ebbinghaus-Kintscher, Eva Schoenhense, Eva M Kruedewagen, Andreas Turberg, Andrew Leisewitz, Wolfgang Jiritschka, Klemens J Krieger Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:73 (12 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Investigations of a new antiparasitic collar revealed a synergistic effect of its active ingredients imidacloprid and flumethrin and their slow, even and sustainable release kinetics from the collar over 8 months. Image: Cat and dog wearing a new antiparasitic collar, containing imidacloprid and flumethrin.
		Research Impact of three years of large scale Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) interventions on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Benin Gil Germain Padonou, Michel Sezonlin, Razaki Osse, Nazaire Aizoun, Frederic Oke-Agbo, Olivier Oussou, Ghelus Gbedjissi, Martin Akogbeto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:72 (10 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study demonstrates the impact of three years of large scale indoor residual spraying using bendiocarb and deltamethrin treated nets interventions. Findings reveal that Anopheles gambiae have maintained and developed the resistance to pyrethroids, but are still susceptible to bendiocarb. The selection of resistant individuals was caused by other insecticides than those used by malaria vector control tools. Image: IRS workers.
		Review The origins of the trypanosome genome strains Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU 927, T. b. gambiense DAL 972, T. vivax Y486 and T. congolense IL3000 Wendy Gibson Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:71 (7 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The purpose of this short review is to provide some background information on the origins and biological characterisation of the tsetse-transmitted African trypanosome strains chosen for the genome sequencing projects (see www.geneDB.org). Image: Trypanosoma brucei in a stained blood smear.
		Review Twenty two cases of canine neural angiostronglyosis in eastern Australia (2002-2005) and a review of the literature Julian A Lunn, Rogan Lee, Joanna Smaller, Bruce M MacKay, Terry King, Geraldine B Hunt, Patricia Martin, Mark B Krockenberger, Derek Spielman, Richard Malik Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:70 (5 April 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A retrospective study of neural angiostrongylosis from dogs in eastern Australia provided data on 21 new cases. While most dogs (especially young dogs) had ascending paralysis associated with marked spinal hyperesthesia, some patients displayed neck pain alone, or intracranial signs. Image: Larval A. cantonensis in transverse section and marked inflammation in the spinal meninges of a brushtail possum.
		Research A global map of dominant malaria vectors Marianne E Sinka, Michael J Bangs, Sylvie Manguin, Yasmin Rubio-Palis, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Maureen Coetzee, Charles M Mbogo, Janet Hemingway, Anand P Patil, William H Temperley, Peter W Gething, Caroline W Kabaria, Thomas R Burkot, Ralph E Harbach, Simon I Hay Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:69 (4 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We describe the generation of a global map of the dominant vector species (DVS) of malaria created by combining evidence-based predicted distribution maps for individual species or species complexes. Image: The distribution of dominant malaria vectors in Africa.
		Research Update on resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.s. to conventional insecticides at a previous WHOPES field site, "Yaokoffikro", 6 years after the political crisis in Côte d'Ivoire Alphonsine A Koffi, Ludovic Alou, Maurice A Adja, Moussa Koné, Fabrice Chandre, Raphael N'Guessan Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:68 (2 April 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The results presented here show that insecticide resistance in the S form of An. gambiae s.s. is multifactorial at this locality and includes, in addition to target site mutations, enhanced metabolic mechanism components never identified before. At least four resistance mechanisms were found: high frequency of the L1014F kdr, ace-1R and increased activity of NSE and GSTs. Image: A description of bioassay experiments during susceptibility test at IPR facilities.