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	1. 950 Accesses	Review Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye Domenico Otranto, Mark L Eberhard Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:41 (23 March 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Zoonotic helminths that affect human eyes may cause blindness with severe socio-economic consequences to human communities. Their biology and epidemiology are discussed as well as clinical descriptions of the diseases, and video clips on their presentation. Image: Coenurus cyst with multiple protoscoleces behind displaced retina. (modified from Orihel and Ash, ASCP Press, 1995).
	2. 831 Accesses	Review Biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Khan Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:6 (10 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We describe the current understanding of Acanthamoeba biology, its ability to produce disease and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The use of Acanthamoeba as a model organism to study cellular processes and its role as a Trojan horse of the microbial world is highlighted. Image: Acanthamoeba trophozoite exhibiting phagocytic cups, known as amoebastomes.
	3. 650 Accesses	Review History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors Francis EG Cox Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:5 (1 February 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary The story of the history of the malaria parasites and their mosquito vectors is traced from the first discovery of the parasites in 1880 to the present time. Image: Ronald Ross who discovered that malaria parasites were transmitted by mosquitoes.
	4. 645 Accesses	Research Stray dogs as indicators of Toxoplasma gondii distributed in the environment: the first report across an urban-rural gradient in China Chao Yan, Lin-Lin Fu, Cai-Ling Yue, Ren-Xian Tang, Yi-Sheng Liu, Liang Lv, Na Shi, Ping Zeng, Peng Zhang, Dong-Hui Wang, Dong-Hui Zhou, Xing-Quan Zhu, Kui-Yang Zheng Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:5 (5 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study shows Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalences of 38.7% in urban dogs and 41% in rural dogs (P>0.05), respectively, indicating that there might be a wide distribution and a constant infection pressure of T. gondii across an urban-rural gradient in China. Image: Dogs are important reservoirs and sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii in the environment.
	5. 569 Accesses	Review The history of African trypanosomiasis Dietmar Steverding Parasites & Vectors 2008, 1:3 (12 February 2008) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary This review article summarises the history of African trypanosomiasis from prehistory to current developments. From this history we learn which factors determine, and which measures control, the emergence and the spread of the disease. Image: Sir David Bruce (1855-1931).
	6. 562 Accesses	Research Changes in the geographical distribution and abundance of the tick Ixodes ricinus during the past 30 years in Sweden Thomas GT Jaenson, David GE Jaenson, Lars Eisen, Erik Petersson, Elisabet Lindgren Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:8 (10 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In Sweden, the tick (Ixodes ricinus) population has drastically expanded during the last 30 years, presumably in response mainly to the milder climate and a large roe deer population. Indirectly, this has resulted in increasing incidences of tick-borne human diseases. Image: The different active stages of the common European tick Ixodes ricinus.
	7. 525 Accesses	Research SYBR Green-based Real-Time PCR targeting kinetoplast DNA can be used to discriminate between the main etiologic agents of Brazilian cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases Daniela Pita-Pereira, Rachel Lins, Marcia P Oliveira, Rosimar B Lima, Bernardo AS Pereira, Otacilio C Moreira, Reginaldo P Brazil, Constanca Britto Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:15 (12 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary SYBR Green-based real-time PCR targeting kDNA minicircles can differentiate between Leishmania subgenera through the amplicons dissociation kinetic. This methodology was further validated with human clinical specimens and field sandflies from Brazil. Image: Characteristic SYBR Green dissociation curve profiles of kDNA conserved regions amplicons from both Leishmania subgenera.
	8. 523 Accesses	Research A dysflagellar mutant of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis isolated from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient Rogéria C Zauli, Jenicer KU Yokoyama-Yasunaka, Danilo C Miguel, Alexandre S Moura, Ledice IA Pereira, Ildefonso A da Silva, Lucianna GN Lemes, Miriam L Dorta, Milton AP de Oliveira, André N Pitaluga, Edna AY Ishikawa, Juliany CF Rodrigues, Yara M Traub-Cseko, A Bijovsky, Fátima Ribeiro-Dias, Silvia RB Uliana Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:11 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We describe a morphologically atypical Leishmania isolate, obtained from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient in Brazil. In axenic cultures, atypical promastigotes grow as round cells with very short or absent flagella. We show that, in spite of the defective flagella, they can infect macrophages and are able to establish infections in mice and sand flies. Image: Atypical promastigote of a L. (V.) braziliensis isolate.
	9. 514 Accesses	Review Neglected Tropical Diseases and the Millennium Development Goals-why the "other diseases" matter: reality versus rhetoric David H Molyneux, Mwele N Malecela Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:234 (13 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The paper responds to criticism of mass drug distribution programmes for the control of neglected tropical diseases identifying recent successes and arguing for immediate expansion of programmes based on donated safe and efficacious drugs. Image: Drug distributor with dose pole in Zanzibar during mass distribution of praziquantel and albendazole (Courtesy WHO/A-F Gabrielli).
	10. 488 Accesses	Research Anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effects of the hepatoprotective silymarin and the schistosomicide praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis Naglaa M El-Lakkany, Olfat A Hamam, Walaa H El-Madawy, Afkar A Badawy, Afaf A Ain-Shoka, Fatma A Ebeid Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:9 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study points to silymarin as a promising anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent and it could be introduced as a therapeutic tool with praziquantel in the treatment of schistosomal liver fibrosis. Image: Immunostain for TGF-β1 antibody in livers of mice treated with PZQ plus silymarin showing weakly and scattered positively stained hepatocytes and granuloma cells compared to infected untreated control.
	11. 478 Accesses	Short report Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): Early detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice Qing- MING Kong, Shao- HONG Lu, Qun- BO Tong, Di Lou, Rui Chen, Bin Zheng, Kumagai Takashi, Li- YONG Wen, Ohta Nobuo, Xiao- NONG Zhou Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:2 (3 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We established a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting the 529 bp repeat element (529 bp-LAMP) to detect Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the blood samples of experimental mice infected with tachyzoites of the RH strain. Due to its simplicity, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness for common use, we suggest that this assay should be used as an early diagnostic tool for health control of toxoplasmosis. Image: Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites cultured in HeLa cell monolayer.
	12. 459 Accesses	Review Taeniasis and cysticercosis due to Taenia solium in Japan Tetsuya Yanagida, Yasuhito Sako, Minoru Nakao, Kazuhiro Nakaya, Akira Ito Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:18 (17 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper provides an overview of the status of T. solium infection in Japan over the past 35 years and point out the potential risks to Japanese society. Image: Egg of Taenia solium in feces.
	13. 439 Accesses	Research Efficient in vitro RNA interference and immunofluorescence-based phenotype analysis in a human parasitic nematode, Brugia malayi Frederic Landmann, Jeremy M Foster, Barton E Slatko, William Sullivan Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:16 (13 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This manuscript demonstrates the efficient use of heterogeneous short interfering RNA mixes for performing RNAi in the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi and immunofluorescence-based analysis of cellular phenotypes. Image: Defective 2 cell embryo of Brugia malayi following RNAi targeting the polarity-determining gene, par-1.
	14. 436 Accesses	Editorial The 'Neglected Tropical Diseases': now a brand identity; responsibilities, context and promise. David H Molyneux Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:23 (30 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed
	15. 418 Accesses	Short report The transmission of Leishmania infantum chagasi by the bite of the Lutzomyia longipalpis to two different vertebrates Nagila F C Secundino, Vanessa C DE Freitas, Carolina C Monteiro, Ana Clara A M Pires, Bruna A David, Paula F P Pimenta Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:20 (19 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We established a transmission model of Leishmania infantum chagasi by the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis. The parasites were successfully transmitted to mice and hamsters indicating that both animals are good experimental models.Image: An infected sandfly biting a mouse ear (transmission experiment). Inset: The mouse ear after bite (red dot).
	16. 415 Accesses	Research Development of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana formulations for control of malaria mosquito larvae Tullu Bukhari, Willem Takken, Constantianus JM Koenraadt Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:23 (22 February 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Formulation is an important step for the operational use of biological control agents against malaria mosquito larvae. This study reports development and testing of formulations for two entomopathogenic fungi in laboratory and field conditions. Image: Anopheles gambiae larvae infected with Metarhizium anisopliae.
	17. 389 Accesses	Research Low and seasonal malaria transmission in the middle Senegal River basin: identification and characteristics of Anopheles vectors. Mamadou O Ndiath, Jean-Biram Sarr, Lobna Gaayeb, Catherine Mazenot, Seynabou Sougoufara, Lassana Konate, Franck Remoue, Emmanuel Hermann, Jean-Francois Trape, Gilles Riveau, Cheikh Sokhna Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:21 (23 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study, conducted in the Middle Senegal River basin demonstrates that, although various malaria vectors are present all the year round in this region, malaria transmission remains low and limited to the short rainy season. Image: Senegal River in Guede village.
	18. 386 Accesses	Research On a Cercopithifilaria sp. transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus: a neglected, but widespread filarioid of dogs Domenico Otranto, Emanuele Brianti, Maria Latrofa, Giada Annoscia, Stefania Weigl, Riccardo Lia, Gabriella Gaglio, Ettore Napoli, Salvatore Giannetto, Elias Papadopoulos, Guadalupe Mirò, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Odile Bain Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:1 (3 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study demonstrated that, in addition to the most common species of filarioids infesting dogs, a recently discovered Cercopithifilaria sp. with dermal microfilariae should be considered in tick-exposed animals. Image: An immunofluorescence view of a Rhipicephalus sanguineus nymph.
	19. 382 Accesses	Review LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis Laia Solano-Gallego, Guadalupe Miró, Alek Koutinas, Luis Cardoso, Maria Pennisi, Luis Ferrer, Patrick Bourdeau, Gaetano Oliva, Gad Baneth Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:86 (20 May 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Canine leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum is a major global zoonosis. This publication includes the LeishVet’s group current consensus recommendations for standardized and rational approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, control and prevention of canine leishmaniosis. These graphically displayed recommendations summarize recent evidence-based literature combined with extensive clinical experience. Image: Cutaneous lesions including exfoliative periocular alopecia in a dog with clinical leishmaniosis.
	20. 371 Accesses	Research Molecular detection of Setaria tundra (Nematoda: Filarioidea) and an unidentified filarial species in mosquitoes in Germany Christina Czajka, Norbert Becker, Sven Poppert, Hanna Jost, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Andreas Krueger Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:14 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary We show for the first time that the cervid filaria Setaria tundra is widespread in southern Germany and transmitted by various mosquito species, except Culex spp. In contrast, a second, yet unidentified filarial species, was exclusively found in Culex spp. in Baden-Wurttemberg, and is likely to be a bird parasite. We found no zoonotic filariae. Image: A female house mosquito, Culex pipiens s.l., seeking an overwintering shelter in September 2011.
	21. 363 Accesses	Research High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a subset of Mexican patients with work accidents and low socioeconomic status Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Alejandro Torres-Castorena, Oliver Liesenfeld, Sergio Estrada-Martinez, Jesus D Urbina-Alvarez Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:13 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This case control seroprevalence study shows for the first time a link between seropositivity to Toxoplasma and recent work accidents in a subset of Mexican workers with low socioeconomic status. Image: Work accidents and Toxoplasma infection.
	22. 358 Accesses	Research First report on the occurrence of Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia raoultii in Dermacentor silvarum in China Zhan CHENG Tian, Guang YUAN Liu, Hui Shen, Jun REN Xie, Jin Luo, Mei YUAN Tian Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:19 (19 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study reported the occurrence of R. raoultii and R. slovaca in XUAR, China and suggests that D. silvarum could be involved in the transmission of rickettsial agents in China. Image: An stereomicroscope view of a Dermacentor silvarum adult female.
	23. 357 Accesses	Research Quantitative PCR-based genome size estimation of the astigmatid mites Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes ovis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Kate E Mounsey, Charlene Willis, Stewart TG Burgess, Deborah C Holt, James McCarthy, Katja Fischer Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:3 (4 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary qPCR based genome estimations and determination of chromosome numbers in metaphase-arrested cells provide a first insight into the genetic organisation of astigmatid scabies mites, sheep scab mites and house dust mites. Image: Female Sarcoptes scabiei mite isolated from skin biopsies viewed through a Zeiss inverted light microscope. Photo credit: Katja Fischer.
	24. 338 Accesses	Review Canine and feline cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes in Europe: emerging and underestimated Donato Traversa, Angela Di Cesare, Gary Conboy Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:62 (23 July 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Cardiopulmonary nematodes of dogs and cats cause parasitic diseases of central relevance in current veterinary practice. In the recent past the distribution of canine and feline heartworms and lungworms has increased in various geographical areas, including Europe. Knowledge of the most important heartworm and lungworm infections of dogs and cats in Europe is reviewed with a focus on recent advances in epidemiology, clinical aspects and control. Image: Eggs of Trichuris vulpis (left) and Eucoleus aerophilus (right)
	25. 336 Accesses	Research Real-time PCR of the mammalian hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene for analysis of flea (Ctenocephalides felis) feeding patterns on dogs Chengming Wang, Jane Mount, Jamie Butler, Dongya Gao, Euisun Jung, Byron L Blagburn, Bernhard Kaltenboeck Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:4 (4 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A highly specific FRET-probe PCR quantifies blood meals by fleas by detecting as little as 43 picoliters of canine blood through amplification of the mammalian hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene in canine leukocytes. Image:The FRET PCR robustly discriminates between fleas containing even single canine leukocytes and negative fleas that did not ingest canine blood.